itäkatolisuus

Itäkatolisuus refers to the Eastern Catholic Churches, which are in full communion with the Pope of Rome but retain their own distinct liturgical, theological, and disciplinary traditions. These churches originated from communities that were historically part of Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox traditions before entering into communion with the Catholic Church. The term "Eastern Catholic" is used to distinguish them from the Roman Catholic Church, which follows the Latin Rite.

There are 23 distinct Eastern Catholic Churches, each with its own sui iuris (of its own law) status. They are organized hierarchically and are headed by their own patriarchs, major archbishops, or bishops. While they share the same core Catholic doctrines and sacraments, they differ in their rites, which can include the Byzantine, Alexandrian, Antiochene, Armenian, and Chaldean rites. The Byzantine Rite is the most common among Eastern Catholics.

The relationship between Eastern Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians has historically been complex, particularly due to the schisms that divided Christianity. Eastern Catholic Churches are sometimes seen by Orthodox Christians as a result of missionary efforts to convert Orthodox populations to Roman Catholicism. Despite these historical tensions, there are ongoing ecumenical dialogues aimed at fostering greater understanding and unity.

Eastern Catholic Churches are found throughout the world, with significant communities in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and diaspora communities in North America, South America, and Australia. They play a vital role in the diversity of the Catholic Church, representing a significant part of its global presence and rich heritage.