istighfar

Istighfar is an Arabic term meaning seeking forgiveness from God. It comes from the root gh-f-r, related to covering or pardoning, and in Islamic usage denotes asking Allah to pardon sin and its consequences.

In Islamic theology, istighfar connotes acknowledging wrongdoing, seeking divine pardon, and turning in repentance. It is often connected with tawbah (repentance) but can function as a general request for mercy for oneself and others. The Qur’an repeatedly invites believers to seek forgiveness, promising mercy and renewal for those who turn to God. The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have urged frequent istighfar, illustrating its central place in devotional life.

Practices and forms: The simplest form is the verb phrase “Astaghfirullah”—“I seek forgiveness from God.” Longer supplications include phrases such as “Astaghfirullaha rabbi min kulli dhambi wa atubu ilayh” (I seek forgiveness from my Lord of all sins and I turn to Him in repentance). Recitation may occur in daily routines, after prayers, or during times of distress. For major sins, istighfar is most effective when accompanied by genuine tawbah: ceasing the sin, feeling remorse, seeking forgiveness, and resolving not to repeat it; restitution or making amends may also be required.

Significance: Istighfar is a widespread practice across Islamic traditions, emphasized in both Sunni and Shia thought as a means to obtain God's mercy, purification, and spiritual renewal.