isotaktiivsus

Isotaktiivisuus refers to a specific type of stereoisomerism in polymers. In an isotactic polymer chain, all the substituent groups on the polymer backbone are oriented in the same direction. This regular arrangement of side groups is crucial for the polymer's physical properties. For example, isotactic polypropylene is a highly crystalline and rigid material, which makes it useful for applications like fibers, films, and molded parts. In contrast, atactic polypropylene, where the substituent groups are randomly oriented, is amorphous and less rigid.

The term "isotactic" comes from Greek words "isos" meaning "equal" and "taxis" meaning "arrangement." This precisely describes the uniform positioning of the side groups. The synthesis of isotactic polymers typically requires specific catalysts, such as Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which control the stereochemistry during the polymerization process. Without such control, a mixture of different stereoisomers, including isotactic, syndiotactic (alternating orientation), and atactic forms, would be produced. The ability to produce highly isotactic polymers has been a significant advancement in polymer science, enabling the creation of materials with tailored and predictable properties for a wide range of industrial uses.