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Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H8O. It is a common solvent and disinfectant, widely used in various industries and applications. Isopropanol is a three-carbon alcohol, with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a saturated isopropyl group (CH(CH3)2-). It is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it a versatile solvent for a wide range of substances.

Isopropanol is primarily produced through the hydration of propylene, a process that involves the addition of water to propylene in the presence of an acid catalyst. This process yields a mixture of isopropanol and water, which is then separated through distillation. The purity of isopropanol is typically expressed as a percentage of isopropanol in the mixture, with common grades ranging from 70% to 99.5%.

Isopropanol has several important applications. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as a solvent for active pharmaceutical ingredients and as a disinfectant for medical equipment. In the cosmetics industry, it is used as a solvent and preservative. In the industrial sector, it is used as a cleaning agent, degreaser, and solvent for various materials. Additionally, isopropanol is a common ingredient in hand sanitizers and disinfectant wipes due to its effective antimicrobial properties.

Isopropanol is generally considered safe for use when handled properly, but it can be harmful if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of isopropanol can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Therefore, it is important to use isopropanol in a well-ventilated area and to follow proper safety guidelines when handling and using this chemical compound.