isopropanoli

Isopropanoli, known in English as isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol, is a colorless, flammable secondary alcohol with chemical formula C3H8O. It is also called propan-2-ol or 2-propanol. Isopropanoli is miscible with water and many organic solvents and has a boiling point of about 82.6 degrees Celsius. It is produced industrially by the catalytic hydration of propene, typically using acid catalysts, and purified by distillation.

Isopropanoli is widely used as a solvent in the manufacture of coatings, inks, cleaners, and pharmaceuticals. It is common in laboratory practice for cleaning glassware and as a reagent in organic synthesis. In hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants, isopropanol is encountered in 60–70% solutions, where water content enhances microbial kill. It is also a useful precursor to acetone via dehydrogenation and can function as a drying agent in certain applications.

Safety and handling considerations are central to its use. Isopropanoli is flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Contact with skin and eyes may cause irritation. Ingestion can lead to central nervous system depression and, in severe cases, metabolic disturbances. It should be stored in tightly closed containers away from heat sources and oxidizers, with exposure kept to a minimum. Prolonged storage can lead to peroxide formation in some conditions, so containers should be inspected and used within recommended time frames.

Environmentally, isopropanoli is readily biodegradable and has relatively low long-term toxicity to aquatic life at typical usage levels, though spills should still be contained to prevent environmental contamination and slip hazards.