isofluran

Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in humans and animals. It is a halogenated ether, appearing as a clear, colorless liquid. Isoflurane is administered by inhalation, typically mixed with oxygen and sometimes nitrous oxide. Its mechanism of action involves depressing the central nervous system, leading to unconsciousness, amnesia, and analgesia. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of isoflurane in the breathing mixture.

The drug is eliminated from the body primarily through exhalation. Its relatively rapid onset and offset make it a popular choice for many surgical procedures. Isoflurane is known for its low blood-gas partition coefficient, contributing to its quick recovery times. It is less irritating to the airway compared to some older inhaled anesthetics, often allowing for spontaneous ventilation during induction.

Like all anesthetic agents, isoflurane carries potential risks and side effects. These can include respiratory depression, cardiovascular effects such as hypotension, and emergence phenomena like delirium or agitation. Isoflurane is also a potent greenhouse gas and its environmental impact is a consideration. It is stored in amber-colored bottles to protect it from light. The use of isoflurane requires careful monitoring of the patient's vital signs throughout the anesthetic period.