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Ion exchange capacity, often abbreviated as IEC, is a measure of the ability of an ion exchange resin to exchange ions. It is typically expressed in milliequivalents per gram of resin (meq/g) or milliequivalents per liter of resin bed volume (meq/L). The IEC value is crucial in determining the resin's efficiency and capacity in various applications, such as water treatment, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes.

The IEC of a resin is determined by the number of ion exchange sites available per unit mass or volume. These sites are typically functional groups within the resin matrix, such as sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) or quaternary ammonium groups (-NR3). The type and density of these functional groups significantly influence the resin's IEC.

Higher IEC values generally indicate a greater capacity for ion exchange, which can be beneficial in applications requiring high removal efficiencies. However, it is essential to consider other factors, such as resin selectivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, when choosing an ion exchange resin for a specific application.

Ion exchange capacity is a fundamental property that helps in selecting the appropriate resin for various industrial and environmental applications. Understanding the IEC of a resin is crucial for optimizing its performance and ensuring effective ion exchange processes.