iodinen

Iodinen is the chemical element commonly known as iodine. It belongs to the halogen group in period 5 and has the symbol I and atomic number 53. Its standard atomic weight is about 126.90. At room temperature iodinen is a solid that sublimates to a violet vapor. In many compounds iodine exists as diatomic molecules, I2, and it can exhibit various oxidation states in chemical reactions.

Natural occurrence and production: Iodinen occurs in trace amounts in seawater and certain mineral deposits. It is concentrated in marine organisms, especially seaweed. Commercial production is typically obtained from brines or from iodide-rich processes associated with chlorine and sodium compounds; refinement often involves converting iodide-containing materials to elemental iodine and purifying it for industrial or pharmaceutical use.

Applications and uses: Iodinen is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). It is added to table salt in many countries to prevent deficiency. Iodine and its compounds are used in medical antiseptics (such as tincture of iodine and Lugol’s solution) and in iodinated contrast media for X-ray imaging. Iodinen also serves in chemical synthesis, catalysis, and various industrial processes.

Safety and dietary aspects: In small amounts, iodinen is necessary for healthy thyroid function. Deficiency can lead to goiter and hypothyroidism, while excessive intake can cause thyroid dysfunction and toxicity. Handling iodine and iodinated compounds requires proper ventilation and adherence to safety guidelines to avoid mucous membrane irritation and chemical burns.

History: Iodinen was identified in 1811 by Bernard Courtois during kelp ash processing. The element was subsequently characterized by scientists including Gay-Lussac and Courtois, who named it iodine from Greek roots referring to the violet color of its vapor.