intravitrealinjektiona

Intravitrealinjektiona is a medical procedure in which medication is delivered directly into the vitreous humor of the eye through the sclera. It is performed by ophthalmologists and retinal specialists and is used to treat diseases of the retina and vitreous by achieving high local drug concentrations with limited systemic exposure. The term is a nonstandard or misspelled variant of the English term intravitreal injection.

Common medications administered intravitreally include anti-VEGF agents such as bevacizumab (often used off-label), ranibizumab, and aflibercept, as well as corticosteroids such as dexamethasone implants or triamcinolone acetonide. Indications include neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion–related macular edema, and certain retinal inflammatory or infectious conditions requiring direct local therapy.

Procedure and technique: Intravitreal injections are performed under local anesthesia or topical anesthesia with sterile technique. The eye is cleaned with antiseptic solution (often povidone-iodine), and a small-gauge needle is used to inject a limited volume (commonly about 0.05 mL) of medication into the vitreous cavity via the pars plana, typically several millimeters posterior to the limbus. Dosing schedules vary by medication and condition; anti-VEGF injections may be given monthly or at extended intervals, while corticosteroid implants provide longer-acting effects.

Risks and monitoring: Possible adverse events include endophthalmitis, transient intraocular pressure elevation, cataract progression, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Most injections are safe when performed with proper technique, but patients are advised to report sudden vision loss, persistent eye pain, or redness promptly. Contraindications include active intraocular infection and certain ocular surface issues.