intraokuläre

Intraokuläre, or intraocular, describes anything related to the contents of the eye. The term is used in medical contexts to refer to structures, conditions, procedures, or devices contained within the globe, as opposed to periocular (around the eye) or extraocular (outside the eye).

Anatomy and compartments: The eye is divided into the anterior segment (cornea, iris, lens, anterior chamber) and the posterior segment (vitreous, retina, choroid, optic nerve). Intraocular pressure, determined by aqueous humor dynamics, is a key physiological parameter.

Common intraocular diseases and procedures include cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, intraocular hemorrhages, and intraocular tumors. Therapeutic and surgical options include cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation, vitrectomy, and corneal transplantation.

Diagnostics rely on slit-lamp examination, funduscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound (B-scan) when the media are opaque. Treatments include topical, oral, or injected medications; intravitreal injections or implants delivering anti-VEGF agents or corticosteroids; laser therapy.

Risks of intraocular procedures include infection (endophthalmitis), bleeding, retinal detachment, and pressure changes. Outcomes depend on the specific condition, treatment timing, and patient factors; advances in instrumentation and pharmacotherapy have improved vision preservation and restoration in many diseases.