intradermaalisesti

Intradermal administration is a method of introducing substances into the dermis, the layer of skin just below the epidermis. This route of administration is often chosen for its slow absorption rate and the rich vascularization of the dermis, which can be beneficial for certain diagnostic tests and vaccinations.

The process involves injecting a small volume of fluid, typically 0.01 to 0.1 milliliters, with a fine gauge needle held at a shallow angle (5 to 15 degrees) to the skin surface. The characteristic appearance of a successful intradermal injection is a small, raised wheal or bleb at the injection site, indicating that the fluid has been deposited within the dermal layer.

Intradermal injections are commonly used for allergy testing, such as the prick test or the Mantoux tuberculin skin test. These tests rely on the localized reaction that occurs when an antigen is introduced into the dermis, allowing for the detection of hypersensitivities or infections. Certain vaccines, like the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis, are also administered intradermally.

Due to the limited volume that can be injected and the slow absorption, intradermal administration is not suitable for rapid systemic drug delivery. However, its ability to elicit a localized immune response and its low risk of systemic side effects make it a valuable technique in specific medical applications. Proper technique is crucial to ensure the substance is deposited in the correct layer and to minimize discomfort and potential complications.