internetserviceprovider

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides access to the Internet and related services for individuals, households, and businesses. ISPs operate networks that carry data between customers and other networks, enabling online services and information exchange. They typically earn revenue from access subscriptions, equipment rentals, and value-added services.

ISPs offer various types of Internet access, including dial-up, DSL, cable, fiber, fixed wireless, satellite, and mobile data networks (4G/5G). The last mile links customers to the provider’s backbone or regional networks. Core networks may form multiple tiers, with Tier 1 networks performing extensive transit and peering. Customers often receive a modem or gateway and may rent or supply their own customer premises equipment.

In addition to access, ISPs may provide email, DNS hosting, web hosting, cloud services, security, VPNs, and voice over IP. Performance is described by bandwidth, latency, jitter, and uptime, and business customers may have service-level agreements. Data caps and fair-use policies vary by provider.

The market includes residential, business, and mobile segments, with competition among large national firms, regional operators, and local fiber or wireless providers. Regulation varies by country and can cover licensing, spectrum, privacy, net neutrality, and consumer protections. ISPs play a central role in access to digital services and content delivery, and customers choose providers based on price, performance, and availability where they live.