inkrustacji

Inkrustacja (inlay) is a decorative technique in which pieces of contrasting materials are precisely fitted and embedded into a base surface to form patterns, images, or inscriptions. It is used on wood, metal, stone, ceramics, ivory, or horn; materials are selected for color, texture, and durability. Unlike veneering or marquetry, inlay involves cutting recesses into the base surface and inserting separately crafted elements so that the surface remains flush.

Process: A design is prepared, materials are selected, recesses are carved to fit the pieces, which are then glued and sometimes secured with pins. After assembly, the surface is leveled, sanded, and finished with oil, varnish, or other sealants.

Common applications include furniture such as tables and chests, decorative boxes, musical instruments, and architectural ornaments, as well as jewelry and small objects. Modern practice may use synthetic substitutes and adhesives.

History: Inkrustacja has ancient roots in many cultures—examples appear in Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman artifacts and later in medieval, Renaissance, and Asian art. The technique saw revival in 19th- and 20th-century decorative arts.

In dentistry, inlays and onlays are custom-made restorations cemented into prepared cavities, illustrating a specialized use of the term.

Etymology: The word derives from Latin incrustare “to incrust,” through Polish inkrustacja.