inkpen

An inkpen, or ink pen, is a writing instrument that delivers liquid ink to paper. The major families are fountain pens, ballpoint pens, rollerball pens, and gel pens. Fountain pens use a nib to draw ink from an internal reservoir through a feed. Ink is typically supplied by cartridges or converters, with some models using built-in piston-fill systems. Ballpoint pens dispense oil-based ink via a small ball at the tip; they are usually reliable and low maintenance. Rollerball pens use water-based inks for a smoother feel, while gel pens employ pigmented gels that dry quickly and produce bright lines.

Pen bodies vary in material and construction. Common materials include plastic, resin, and metal, with features such as replaceable nibs, cap design, and ergonomic grips. Cartridge-based systems are widespread for convenience, while refillable designs are favored for long-term use or sustainability. Nib sizes range from extra-fine to broad, affecting line width and writing feedback.

History and usage: The modern ink pen emerged in the 19th century with improvements to ink formulations and feed mechanisms, and the ballpoint became widely available in the mid-20th century. Gel and rollerball varieties followed, offering different balances of smoothness, drying time, and visibility. Inkpens are used in education, business, and personal writing, valued for portability and legibility.

Maintenance and care: Fountain pens require occasional cleaning and ink refills; other types are typically more maintenance-free but may dry out with disuse. Using appropriate inks, avoiding extreme temperatures, and routine cleaning help extend the pen’s life.