injektsiya

Injektsiya refers to the act of delivering a liquid substance into the body using a needle and syringe or other delivery device. In medical contexts it is used to administer medications, vaccines, diagnostic agents, or anesthetics, and can target different tissue layers depending on the route chosen.

Common routes include intramuscular injections (into a muscle), subcutaneous injections (under the skin), intravenous injections (into a vein), and intradermal injections (within the skin). Regional or specialized injections such as intra-articular (into a joint), epidural, and intrathecal injections are used for targeted therapy or anesthesia. Injections enable rapid absorption, localized effect, or systemic distribution of the substance being delivered.

History and development: The modern practice of injections emerged with the development of the hypodermic syringe in the 19th century, notably by inventors such as Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood. The technique advanced alongside sterile methods, vaccines, and the availability of injectable medications, leading to widespread clinical use in surgery, pediatrics, endocrinology, and emergency medicine.

Equipment and safety: Injections employ syringes, needles of various gauges and lengths, vials or ampoules, and antiseptic tools. Safe practice emphasizes aseptic technique, correct site selection, and proper disposal of sharps. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, nerve or tissue injury, allergic reactions, dosing errors, and, rarely, air embolism.

Regulation and training: Healthcare providers typically undergo training in proper administration, dose calculation, site rotation, and adverse-reaction management. Injektsiya remains a routine, regulated procedure integral to modern medicine and public health.