inhalanty

Inhalants, or inhalanty, refer to a broad group of volatile substances that are inhaled to produce psychoactive effects. They are common in everyday products such as solvents (glues, paints), aerosols (sprays), gases (nitrous oxide used as a propellant or in whipped-cream cartridges), and alkyl nitrites (poppers).

The onset is rapid, often within seconds, with effects including euphoria, dizziness, lightheadedness, altered perception, disinhibition, and impaired coordination. The high is usually short, lasting minutes to an hour, depending on the substance and amount used.

Health risks are significant. Acute dangers include asphyxiation, choking, arrhythmias, and, in rare cases, sudden sniffing death. Chronic use can cause cognitive and motor impairment, neuropathy, hearing loss, and organ damage. Nitrous oxide can also cause vitamin B12 deficiency with prolonged use, contributing to nerve problems.

Patterns of use vary but are most common among adolescents and young adults, partly due to easy access and low cost. Methods include sniffing or huffing from containers, bags, or rags; or inhaling from balloons, cans, or cartridges. Use can occur alone or in social settings and may be accompanied by alcohol or other drugs.

Signs of use include unusual odor on the breath or clothes, irritated nose or throat, red or watery eyes, drowsiness or disorientation, slurred speech, and poor coordination. In healthcare settings, consider inhalant exposure in the differential diagnosis of acute intoxication or unexplained neurological symptoms.

Regulation varies by substance and country. Many inhalants are legal household products, but some items (notably nitrous oxide) are subject to controls. Prevention focuses on education, safe storage, and limiting access by minors. Treatment emphasizes counseling, behavioral therapies, and addressing associated mental health or nutritional deficiencies when present.