inertgaser

Inertgaser is a term used to describe the noble gases, a group of chemically inert elements in the periodic table's group 18. The main members are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, with oganesson as a synthetic member. The name reflects their very low chemical reactivity under normal conditions.

Chemically, inertgaser atoms are monatomic and have closed electron shells, resulting in high ionization energies and a strong tendency not to form bonds. They are colorless, odorless gases at room temperature and are non-flammable. Their reactivity is extremely limited, though xenon, krypton, and, to a lesser extent, others can form compounds under specialized conditions; radon is radioactive and hazardous.

Occurrence and production: Noble gases occur only in trace amounts in the Earth's atmosphere, with argon making up about 0.9% of air and the others present in far smaller quantities. Commercial supplies are obtained mainly by fractional distillation of liquid air, with helium often recovered from natural gas fields.

Uses: Inertgaser provide inert atmospheres for welding, metal processing, and chemical synthesis to prevent oxidation. They also have specialized applications in lighting and optics: neon is used in bright signs; argon is common in welding and some lamps; krypton and xenon have niche roles in lasers and lighting, while xenon is used as an anesthetic in certain medical contexts. Helium serves as a coolant in cryogenics and as a breathing mix in some technical settings.

Safety: Generally low in toxicity and non-flammable, inertgaser can still pose asphyxiation hazards in enclosed spaces. Radon, in particular, is radioactive and a health concern indoors. Proper ventilation and gas-handling procedures are important in their use.