immuunivajavuus

Immuunivajavuus, known in English as immunodeficiency, refers to a state where the body's immune system is weakened or absent, making it unable to effectively fight off infections and diseases. This can manifest as increased susceptibility to common illnesses, prolonged recovery times, or the development of severe infections that would typically be harmless to a healthy individual.

There are two main categories of immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders present from birth, meaning they are inherited. These conditions affect specific components of the immune system, such as the development or function of white blood cells, antibodies, or other immune factors. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Secondary immunodeficiencies, on the other hand, are acquired during a person's lifetime. They are not inherited but result from external factors or other underlying medical conditions. Common causes include certain medications like chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants used in organ transplantation, viral infections such as HIV, malnutrition, and chronic diseases like diabetes or cancer.

Diagnosis of immuunivajavuus typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of laboratory tests to assess the function and components of the immune system. Treatment strategies vary depending on the specific type and severity of the immunodeficiency and may include prompt treatment of infections, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, medications to stimulate immune cell production, or in some cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing life-threatening complications.