immunologiaan
Immunology is the branch of biomedical science that studies the immune system, its structure, function, and role in health and disease. It investigates how the body defends itself against pathogens, distinguishes self from non-self, and uses immunological memory to respond more effectively to subsequent encounters with the same threat. It also examines immune-related disorders and therapies. In Finnish, the field is called immunologia.
The immune system comprises innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity provides rapid, nonspecific protection through physical
Antigen recognition triggers immune responses through clonal selection. B cells generate antibodies that neutralize pathogens, while
Historically, immunology developed from vaccine research, serology, and observations by scientists such as Jenner, Ehrlich, and