immunofenotüpiseerimiseks

Immunofenotüpiseerimiseks, also known as immunophenotyping, is a technique used to identify and analyze cells based on the proteins, or antigens, they express on their surface or within their cytoplasm. This is typically achieved through the use of antibodies that are specifically designed to bind to these particular antigens. The antibodies are often conjugated to fluorescent markers, which allows for their detection and quantification using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry.

The process involves incubating a sample of cells, such as blood or tissue, with a panel of antibodies. Each antibody in the panel targets a specific antigen that is known to be present on certain cell types. After incubation, the cells are analyzed. In flow cytometry, cells pass one by one through a laser beam. The fluorescent markers attached to the antibodies emit light at specific wavelengths when excited by the laser, allowing for the identification and counting of cells that express particular combinations of antigens. Immunohistochemistry involves using antibodies to stain cells within a tissue sample, making the location and presence of specific antigens visible under a microscope.

Immunophenotyping is a valuable diagnostic and research tool across various medical fields. It is widely used in hematology and oncology to classify leukemia and lymphoma, monitor disease progression, and assess treatment response. It also plays a role in immunology for characterizing different immune cell populations, such as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, and in transplantation to assess immune compatibility. The detailed information provided by immunophenotyping helps in making precise diagnoses and guiding personalized treatment strategies.