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The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest surviving works of Western literature. The poem tells the story of the final weeks of the Trojan War, a legendary conflict between the city of Troy and the Achaeans (Greeks). While the entire war spanned ten years, the Iliad focuses on a specific period of intense conflict and the rage of Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior.

The narrative begins with the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaean forces. This dispute leads Achilles to withdraw from battle, significantly impacting the course of the war. The poem details the ensuing battles, the deaths of numerous heroes on both sides, and the intervention of the gods, who actively participate in the conflict, favoring different factions. Key events include the death of Hector, the champion of Troy, at the hands of Achilles, and the subsequent desecration of Hector's body.

The Iliad is renowned for its vivid descriptions of warfare, its exploration of themes such as honor, glory, fate, and mortality, and its complex portrayal of human emotions. It does not cover the entirety of the Trojan War, notably omitting the Trojan Horse and the eventual fall of Troy, which are found in other literary traditions and epics. The poem is a cornerstone of classical literature and has profoundly influenced Western art, literature, and thought for centuries.