ilhak

Ilhak refers to a philosophical and ethical system originating in Korea. It is often translated as "practical learning" or "substantial learning." The core tenets of Ilhak emphasize the importance of applying knowledge to real-world situations and cultivating one's moral character through diligent practice. It emerged during the Joseon Dynasty as a response to what some scholars perceived as overly theoretical or abstract learning prevalent in certain schools of thought.

Key figures associated with Ilhak include Yi Hwang (Toegye) and Yi I (Yulgok), who, despite their differing interpretations, both contributed significantly to its development. Their teachings stressed self-cultivation, the study of Confucian classics, and the integration of these principles into daily life. Ilhak scholars believed that true understanding came not just from intellectual comprehension but from putting one's knowledge into action and striving for moral perfection. This emphasis on practical application and personal transformation distinguished it from more purely speculative philosophical pursuits. The system influenced Korean society and governance for centuries, shaping educational practices and ethical standards.