ikaw

Ikaw is a personal pronoun in the Filipino language (Tagalog) meaning "you" in the singular. It is used to directly address the person being spoken to and can function as the subject of a sentence or serve as a predicate pronoun in certain constructions. Ikaw is commonly employed for emphasis or contrast, such as in statements like Ikaw ang mahal ko (You are the one I love) or in questions like Ikaw ba ang nagdala ng tinapay? (Are you the one who brought the bread?).

In everyday speech, ikaw coexists with other second-person forms. The polite and formal second person in Filipino is kayo, which covers both singular polite and plural address. Ikaw is typically informal and singular, and it is often replaced by kayo when politeness or plurality is intended. The form also interacts with other pronouns in predicate or object positions, for example using kita or mo for object forms, while ikaw remains a distinct subject pronoun.

Uses and nuances

- Emphasis or contrast: Ikaw ang dapat gawin; not the others, but you specifically.

- Direct address: Ikaw, ikaw ba ang tinutukoy? (You, are you the one being referred to?)

- Predicate reference: Hindi ikaw ang nagpasya; rather, someone else did.

Origins and notes

Ikaw is a core element of Tagalog pronoun systems and is widely used across dialects that draw from Filipino. Its exact historical development is not typically described in basic grammar, but it remains a standard, everyday pronoun in contemporary Filipino, distinct from the polite/plural kayo.

In summary, ikaw is the informal, singular second-person pronoun in Filipino, used for direct address, emphasis, and identity within a sentence, with kayo signifying formal or plural address.