idealizm
Idealism, called idealizm in Polish, is a family of philosophical theories that hold reality is fundamentally mental, conscious, or otherwise dependent on the mind. In its broad sense, it often contrasts with materialism or physicalism, which locate the basis of reality in matter or physical processes. The term covers a range of positions about the nature of objects, knowledge, and existence.
Subjective idealism, associated with George Berkeley, argues that objects exist only as perceptions and that sensible
Transcendental or Kantian idealism denies that we can know things as they are in themselves, separate from
Absolute or objective idealism, most famously developed by G. W. F. Hegel, posits that reality is the
Other traditions include various forms of post-Kantian or phenomenological idealism, and, in Indian philosophy, Advaita Vedanta