hüpokloriidiioonide

Hypochlorite ion is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula ClO-. It consists of a chlorine atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom, with an overall negative charge. The chlorine atom is in the +1 oxidation state. Hypochlorite is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid (HClO).

Hypochlorite ions are commonly found in bleach solutions. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is the active ingredient in household bleach and is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is used for disinfection, stain removal, and water purification. Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) is another common form of hypochlorite, often used as a sanitizer in swimming pools.

The reactivity of the hypochlorite ion stems from its strong oxidizing properties. It can react with a variety of organic and inorganic compounds, leading to their degradation or transformation. In water treatment, hypochlorite is effective at killing bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. It also oxidizes dissolved organic matter, improving water clarity and taste.

However, hypochlorite can also react with certain substances to produce undesirable byproducts. For example, when hypochlorite reacts with ammonia, it can form chloramines, which are less effective disinfectants and can cause irritation. Reactions with organic matter can also lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs), some of which are considered potentially carcinogenic. Proper control of pH and contact time is important in applications involving hypochlorite to optimize disinfection and minimize byproduct formation.