hüpohlooriidide

Hüpohlooriidid are chemical compounds containing the hypochlorite anion, ClO-. This anion is formed when chlorine gas reacts with water, or when hypochlorous acid is deprotonated. Hypochlorites are known for their oxidizing and bleaching properties. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), commonly found in household bleach, and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2), used in pool sanitization and as a disinfectant, are perhaps the most well-known examples.

The hypochlorite ion is unstable and can decompose, especially when exposed to heat, light, or certain other chemicals. This decomposition can release oxygen and chloride ions. In aqueous solutions, hypochlorites exist in equilibrium with hypochlorous acid (HClO). The pH of the solution significantly influences the relative concentrations of these species, which in turn affects their reactivity and effectiveness as disinfectants or bleaching agents.

Due to their strong oxidizing power, hypochlorites are effective biocides, capable of killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This makes them widely used in sanitation, water treatment, and laundry. However, their reactivity also means they can be corrosive and should be handled with care. Mixing hypochlorites with acids can produce toxic chlorine gas, and mixing them with ammonia can generate hazardous chloramine gases. Their strong oxidizing nature also means they can damage certain materials, such as fabrics and metals.