hüperkaliemiat

Hyperkalemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. When potassium levels become too high, it can disrupt these functions, leading to serious health consequences.

The primary causes of hyperkalemia include kidney failure, as the kidneys are responsible for excreting excess potassium from the body. Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), potassium-sparing diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also contribute to elevated potassium levels. Other causes include severe tissue damage (e.g., from burns or trauma), metabolic acidosis, and adrenal insufficiency.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia can vary depending on the severity of the elevation. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while more severe cases can manifest as muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and irregular heartbeats. In critical situations, hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis of hyperkalemia is made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. Electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be used to assess for cardiac changes associated with high potassium. Treatment aims to lower potassium levels and address the underlying cause. This may involve dietary restrictions, medications to shift potassium into cells, or medications to remove excess potassium from the body. In severe or life-threatening cases, emergency procedures like dialysis may be necessary.