héroïne

Héroïne is a French term with two common meanings. As the feminine form of héros, it designates a female hero or heroine, typically the protagonist or a figure celebrated for courage, leadership, or virtue in literature, film, mythology, or public life.

As a drug, l'héroïne refers to heroin, a potent opioid known as diacetylmorphine. It was synthesized in the 19th century and marketed in some countries in the late 1800s before its addictive potential was fully recognized. Illicit heroin is commonly manufactured and distributed illegally; it may be injected, inhaled, or smoked. The drug binds mainly to mu-opioid receptors, producing analgesia and intense euphoria, followed by drowsiness and slowed breathing. Chronic use can lead to tolerance, dependence, infectious disease, and social or legal problems. Because of serious health risks and addiction potential, heroin is illegal in most jurisdictions; in a few places, diacetylmorphine is available under strict medical supervision for certain patients.

In language, the term illustrates gendered word formation in French: heroes and heroines. In English, heroine denotes a female hero, while heroin (spelled differently) is a separate word for the drug. Context usually clarifies which meaning is intended.