hysteroszkópia

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the inside of the uterus by means of a hysteroscope, a thin telescope inserted through the vagina and cervix. It can be used for diagnostic purposes or to perform surgical interventions inside the uterine cavity (operative hysteroscopy).

Indications include abnormal uterine bleeding, evaluation of infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss, assessment of intrauterine pathology such as polyps or submucosal fibroids, intrauterine adhesions, and evaluation of the endometrium or tubal patency. Diagnostic hysteroscopy uses minimal or no anesthesia and is often performed in an outpatient setting, while operative hysteroscopy may require regional or general anesthesia and is carried out in a hospital or surgical center. Distention media, typically saline for office procedures or glycine for certain instruments, is used to expand the cavity for visualization.

During the procedure, a hysteroscope is inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity. The cavity is examined under light, and targeted biopsies or surgical maneuvers such as polypectomy, resection of submucosal fibroids, or adhesiolysis can be performed using specialized instruments. Preparation includes appropriate pre-procedure assessment, pregnancy test when indicated, and sometimes antibiotic prophylaxis. Post-procedure care usually involves short recovery, transient pelvic cramping, and light vaginal bleeding; patients are advised on activity and when to seek care.

Risks include uterine perforation, infection, bleeding, and fluid overload from the distention medium, but complication rates are low when performed by experienced clinicians. Hysteroscopy offers high diagnostic accuracy and enables immediate therapeutic options, serving as an alternative to more invasive uterine procedures and imaging tests such as ultrasound or hysterosalpingography.