hysterosalpingogram

A hysterosalpingogram, often abbreviated as HSG, is a medical imaging procedure used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is primarily performed to investigate infertility in women and to diagnose certain gynecological conditions.

The procedure involves inserting a speculum into the vagina, similar to a Pap smear. A thin catheter is then guided through the cervix and into the uterus. A contrast dye, which is visible on X-rays, is injected through the catheter. As the dye fills the uterine cavity and flows into the fallopian tubes, X-ray images are taken.

The HSG allows physicians to visualize the shape and size of the uterus, identify any abnormalities within the uterine cavity such as polyps or fibroids, and assess whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked. Blockages in the fallopian tubes can prevent fertilization as they are the site where the egg and sperm typically meet.

The procedure is usually performed by a radiologist in an X-ray or fluoroscopy suite. It is generally done after a woman's menstrual period has ended but before ovulation. Some women may experience mild cramping or discomfort during the procedure. It is important to inform the healthcare provider about any allergies, especially to iodine or latex, before the HSG. Following the procedure, a woman can typically resume normal activities, though some light spotting may occur.