hypothyroïdisme

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, which is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. The thyroid gland produces two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough of these hormones, leading to a slowdown in the body's metabolic processes.

Hypothyroidism can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, and certain medications. The most common form of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, and certain medications that interfere with thyroid function.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary and may include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, hair loss, and depression. In severe cases, hypothyroidism can lead to heart problems, infertility, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Treatment for hypothyroidism usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormones are administered orally. The dosage is adjusted based on the individual's symptoms and hormone levels. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet and regular exercise may also be recommended to manage symptoms and improve overall health. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor thyroid function and adjust treatment as needed.