hypothyreosisához

Hypothyreosis, also known as hypothyroidism, is a medical condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism. When these hormones are not produced in sufficient quantities, the body's processes slow down. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms, affecting various bodily functions.

Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, feeling cold, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, and muscle aches. Women may experience irregular menstrual cycles, and cognitive functions such as memory and concentration can also be impaired. In infants and children, untreated hypothyroidism can lead to developmental delays and intellectual disability.

The causes of hypothyroidism are diverse. Autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland, are a frequent cause. Other factors include iodine deficiency, certain medications, radiation therapy to the neck, and surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Treatment usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormone is taken orally to restore normal hormone levels. With proper management, individuals with hypothyroidism can lead healthy lives.