hyposekretion

Hyposecretion, also referred to as hyposekretion in some languages, is a medical term describing reduced production and release of substances by a gland or organ. It encompasses diminished secretion of hormones, digestive enzymes, or other bioactive products, leading to inadequate levels at their target sites.

Causes and mechanisms vary and can include autoimmune destruction or inflammation of secretory cells, aging, surgical removal or injury of glandular tissue, genetic or congenital defects, nutritional deficiencies, and impairment of the regulatory pathways that stimulate secretion. Secretion may be decreased at the level of synthesis, storage, or release, and can affect a single gland or multiple endocrine systems.

Clinical significance depends on the substance affected. Thyroid hyposecretion causes hypothyroidism with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance; adrenal hyposecretion can lead to fatigue, low blood pressure, and electrolyte disturbances (as in Addison disease); pancreatic exocrine hyposecretion produces malabsorption and steatorrhea, while endocrine pancreatic beta-cell hyposecretion results in diabetes mellitus. Hyposecretion may present suddenly after injury or gradually as part of a chronic disorder, and can be congenital or acquired.

Diagnosis typically relies on measurement of circulating hormone or enzyme levels, often supplemented by stimulation or suppression tests to assess secretory capacity. Imaging and functional studies may reveal structural causes. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause when possible and to replace or supplement deficient secretions through hormone replacement therapy (for example, levothyroxine or hydrocortisone), pancreatic enzyme replacement, or other targeted interventions, along with supportive care as needed.