hypopigmentált

Hypopigmented refers to areas of skin that are lighter than the surrounding skin. This lightening occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color), are either absent or produce less melanin. Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and its reduction can make the affected areas more susceptible to sun damage.

Several conditions can lead to hypopigmentation. Vitiligo is a common autoimmune disorder where melanocytes are destroyed, resulting in well-defined white patches. Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a generalized lack of melanin production throughout the skin, hair, and eyes. Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection that can cause discolored patches, which may be lighter or darker than the normal skin. Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation can occur after skin injuries like burns, eczema, or acne, where the healing process disrupts melanin production. Other less common causes include certain genetic syndromes and localized damage to melanocytes.

The appearance of hypopigmented areas can vary from subtle lighter patches to complete absence of pigment. Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, and sometimes a skin biopsy or fungal culture may be performed to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific condition; for example, vitiligo may be managed with topical treatments or phototherapy, while fungal infections are treated with antifungal medications. In many cases, hypopigmentation is benign and requires no treatment other than sun protection for the affected areas.