hypochlorito

Hypochlorito refers to compounds containing the hypochlorite ion, ClO-. This ion is a powerful oxidizing agent and is derived from hypochlorous acid (HClO). The most common and widely recognized hypochlorite is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), commonly known as bleach. Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) is another significant hypochlorite compound, often used in water treatment.

Hypochlorites are produced industrially through the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution) or by reacting chlorine gas with a solution of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The hypochlorite ion is inherently unstable and can decompose over time, especially when exposed to heat, light, or certain impurities.

The primary applications of hypochlorites stem from their strong disinfecting and bleaching properties. Sodium hypochlorite is extensively used as a household cleaner and disinfectant, for laundry bleaching, and in industrial sanitation. Calcium hypochlorite is widely employed as a disinfectant for swimming pools and in municipal water treatment to kill bacteria and other microorganisms.

Due to their oxidizing nature, hypochlorites can react vigorously with other chemicals, including acids and organic materials. In concentrated forms, they can be corrosive and irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Proper handling and storage are essential to ensure safety.