hypersegmentední

Hypersegmentední is a term used in hematology to describe a morphological abnormality of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Specifically, it refers to neutrophils that have an increased number of nuclear lobes, typically six or more, or a non-segmented nucleus. In normal neutrophils, the nucleus usually consists of three to five lobes connected by thin filaments. The presence of hypersegmented neutrophils can be observed in peripheral blood smears examined under a microscope. This finding is not a disease in itself but rather an indicator that may point to an underlying condition.

Several factors can lead to the development of hypersegmented neutrophils. One of the most common causes is vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency. These vitamins are crucial for DNA synthesis and cell maturation. When deficient, DNA replication in developing neutrophils is impaired, leading to abnormal nuclear segmentation. Another significant cause is megaloblastic anemia, which is characterized by large, immature red blood cells and often co-occurs with vitamin deficiencies. Additionally, certain medications, such as hydroxyurea and some chemotherapy agents, can induce hypersegmentation. Chronic infections, myelodysplastic syndromes, and certain genetic disorders can also be associated with this finding.

The identification of hypersegmented neutrophils prompts further investigation to determine the underlying cause. Diagnosis typically involves a complete blood count with differential, along with specific tests to measure vitamin B12 and folate levels. Bone marrow examination may also be necessary in some cases. Treatment depends on the identified cause, with supplementation of vitamins being the primary approach for deficiencies. Understanding the significance of hypersegmented neutrophils is important for accurate diagnosis and management of various hematological and nutritional disorders.