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hyperproteinemia

Hyperproteinemia refers to an elevated level of total protein in blood plasma, typically serum total protein above the laboratory reference range. It is a laboratory finding rather than a specific disease and has multiple causes.

Common mechanisms include hemoconcentration from dehydration or fluid loss, and increased production or decreased clearance of

Diagnosis involves confirming elevated serum protein and subclass analysis. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation identify monoclonal

Clinical relevance varies. Many patients are asymptomatic; symptoms may reflect the underlying condition. Hyperviscosity syndrome can

Management targets the underlying cause. Rehydration for dehydration; disease-specific therapy for paraproteinemias; plasmapheresis may be used

immunoglobulins.
Polyclonal
hypergammaglobulinemia
occurs
with
chronic
infections,
autoimmune
diseases,
liver
disease
with
immune
activation,
or
other
inflammatory
states.
Monoclonal
gammopathy,
due
to
plasma
cell
dyscrasias
such
as
multiple
myeloma
or
Waldenström
macroglobulinemia,
raises
a
single
immunoglobulin
and
can
produce
marked
hyperproteinemia
and,
in
some
cases,
hyperviscosity.
bands.
Serum
free
light
chains,
complete
blood
count,
liver
and
kidney
function
tests,
and
hydration
assessment
help
determine
etiology.
In
selected
cases,
bone
marrow
biopsy
or
imaging
is
performed
to
evaluate
clonal
disorders.
accompany
high
IgM
levels
and
presents
with
headaches,
visual
changes,
dizziness,
mucosal
bleeding,
or
neurologic
symptoms.
for
hyperviscosity.
Prognosis
depends
on
etiology
and
response
to
treatment.