hyperpolarisáció

Hyperpolarisation is a phenomenon observed in various contexts, most notably in neuroscience and economics. In neuroscience, it refers to a state where the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more negative than its resting potential. This increased negativity can be caused by the influx of negative ions or the efflux of positive ions across the cell membrane. Following an action potential, a neuron typically enters a hyperpolarisation phase, which makes it less likely to fire another action potential. This period is crucial for regulating neuronal excitability and ensuring the proper transmission of nerve impulses.

In economics, hyperpolarisation describes a situation where public opinion or political parties become extremely divided and entrenched in their opposing views. This can lead to a breakdown in political dialogue, compromise, and effective governance. When a society is hyperpolarised, individuals and groups may experience an increased sense of animosity towards those with different perspectives, making it difficult to find common ground on important issues. This can manifest as extreme partisan loyalty and a rejection of any information or arguments that contradict one's existing beliefs, often fueled by ideologically segregated media consumption.