hyperplazii

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, leading to an enlargement of that tissue or organ. This is a controlled growth response, often triggered by a specific stimulus. Unlike hypertrophy, which is an increase in the size of individual cells, hyperplasia involves the proliferation of new cells.

Common causes of hyperplasia include hormonal stimulation, such as the thickening of the uterine lining (endometrium) during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy, which is a normal physiological response. Another example is the enlargement of the breast tissue during pregnancy. Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when a portion of an organ is removed, and the remaining cells divide to restore the organ's size, such as the liver regenerating after partial resection.

Pathological hyperplasia can also occur due to chronic irritation or hormonal imbalances. For instance, hyperplasia of the prostate gland in older men (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) is thought to be influenced by hormonal changes and can cause urinary difficulties. Chronic inflammation can also lead to hyperplasia of certain tissues.

While hyperplasia is generally a benign condition, it is important to distinguish it from neoplasia (cancer), which involves uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth. In some cases, prolonged pathological hyperplasia can increase the risk of developing cancer. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and often a biopsy to examine the cells under a microscope. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can range from lifestyle modifications or medication to surgical intervention.