humusz

Humusz is the Hungarian term for humus, the dark, stable organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of plant and animal residues. It is a key part of soil organic matter and develops through humification and microbial activity. Humus improves soil structure, increases water-holding capacity, and supports biodiversity, while aiding nutrient retention and buffering soil pH.

Chemically, humus is not a single compound but a mixture of humic substances, including humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin. These substances form colloids that interact with nutrients and minerals, enabling slow-release nutrient availability for plants and enhancing cation exchange capacity.

Formation and factors: Humus accumulates from plant litter, root exudates, and animal residues. The rates and characteristics of humification depend on climate, soil type, moisture, temperature, and management practices. Agricultural approaches such as reduced tillage, cover crops, mulching, and adding compost promote humus formation and preservation, while erosion and excessive burning can reduce it.

In Hungary, Humusz is also the name of an environmental non-governmental organization focused on waste prevention, recycling, and environmental education, reflecting broader concerns about sustainable soil and resource management.