humains

Humains, or Homo sapiens, are a species of bipedal primates in the family Hominidae. They are the only surviving members of the genus Homo and are characterized by an upright posture, a large brain, and advanced cognitive abilities that support language, planning, and culture. The term 'humain' is French; 'humans' is English.

Humans have a highly developed brain, enabling complex thought, language, and tool use. They are bipedal with dexterous hands suited to manipulating objects and creating technologies. The typical adult has a brain volume around 1,200 to 1,400 cubic centimeters, though size varies among individuals and populations.

Evolution and origin: Humans emerged in Africa during the late Pleistocene, about 300,000 years ago. They diversified in Africa before expanding into other continents roughly 60,000 years ago. Genetic and fossil evidence shows interbreeding with other hominins, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, in some regions.

Culture and society: Humans form complex social groups, develop languages, capability for symbolic thought, art, religion, science, and governance. They create and transmit knowledge through education, writing, and media. Social organization ranges from families and clans to cities, nations, and global institutions.

Distribution and impact: Humans inhabit nearly every environment on Earth and number in the billions. Population patterns are shaped by birth rates, health, migration, and policy. Humans have a substantial impact on the biosphere through agriculture, industry, technology, and climate change, as well as efforts toward conservation and sustainability.