hullámrészecske

A hullámrészecske, often translated as wave-particle duality, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics stating that all matter and energy exhibit properties of both waves and particles. This means that entities like electrons, photons, and even larger objects can behave as discrete localized particles in some experiments and as spread-out waves in others. The wave nature is typically described by a wave function, which provides the probability of finding the particle at a particular location. Conversely, the particle nature refers to the localized existence and interaction of the entity.

The concept of wave-particle duality emerged from observations and theoretical advancements in the early 20th century. Louis de Broglie proposed that matter, like light, could possess wave-like properties, leading to the de Broglie wavelength equation. Experiments such as the double-slit experiment, performed with electrons, have convincingly demonstrated this dual nature. When electrons are fired one by one through two slits, they create an interference pattern on a screen behind the slits, a characteristic behavior of waves. However, when detected, each electron is found to arrive at a specific point, behaving like a particle. This paradox is not a contradiction but rather a reflection of the quantum world's nature, where entities do not fit neatly into our classical understanding of either waves or particles exclusively. The specific manifestation of wave or particle behavior depends on how the system is observed or measured.