hornwortsrhizoids

Hornwort rhizoids are small, root-like structures that anchor hornworts to their substrate. Hornworts, members of the division Anthocerotophyta, are non-vascular land plants in which the gametophyte is typically the dominant, photosynthetic phase and presents as a flat thallus. Rhizoids emerge from the ventral surface of the thallus and extend into the surrounding soil or substrate.

Morphology and development: Rhizoids are simple, hair-like extensions usually composed of a few elongated cells and lack vascular tissue. They represent a basic, non-tubular anchoring system rather than true roots. Formation begins at the base of the thallus and may increase in number with moist conditions.

Function and ecology: The primary role of hornwort rhizoids is anchorage and uptake of water and dissolved minerals from the substrate. They help secure the plant in place in habitats such as damp soil, moss beds, and rock crevices. Because hornworts have a different body plan than mosses or liverworts, their rhizoids are generally less complex and do not contribute to long-distance transport.

Relation to the plant life cycle: As with other bryophyte features, the rhizoids are part of the haploid gametophyte stage and operate in a moist, nutrient-rich environment where the sporophyte remains dependent on the gametophyte for water and nutrients.