hormonaalsüsteem

The hormonaalsüsteem, or endocrine system, is a network of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These chemical messengers travel through the bloodstream to target cells and organs, regulating a wide range of bodily functions. Key glands within the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. The pituitary gland, often called the "master gland," controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.

Hormones play crucial roles in growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. For example, insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels. Thyroid hormones control metabolism, influencing energy expenditure and body temperature. Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone are vital for sexual development and reproductive functions. Adrenaline, secreted by the adrenal glands, prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses.

The endocrine system works in conjunction with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis, the body's stable internal environment. When hormone levels become imbalanced, it can lead to various health conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, or hormonal imbalances affecting mood and growth. The production and release of hormones are tightly regulated through feedback mechanisms to ensure appropriate levels are maintained.