homozygotyczny

Homozygotyczny is a term used in genetics to describe an individual or cell that has two identical alleles for a particular gene. Alleles are different versions of the same gene. When an organism is homozygous for a gene, it means that both of its copies of that gene carry the same allele. For example, if a gene determines eye color and has alleles for brown (B) and blue (b), an individual who is homozygous for brown eyes would have two brown alleles (BB). Similarly, an individual homozygous for blue eyes would have two blue alleles (bb).

The concept of homozygosity is important in understanding inheritance patterns and the expression of traits. If an individual is homozygous for a dominant allele, the corresponding trait will be expressed. If they are homozygous for a recessive allele, the recessive trait will also be expressed, as there is no dominant allele to mask it. This is in contrast to being heterozygous, where an individual has two different alleles for a gene. In heterozygotes, the expression of the trait depends on the dominance relationship between the two alleles. The term homozygous is often used in conjunction with Mendelian genetics and is fundamental to predicting the genetic makeup and observable characteristics of offspring.