homoharringtonine

Homoharringtonine is a natural alkaloid compound isolated from the bark and seeds of the *Cephalotaxus* genus of trees, particularly *Cephalotaxus harringtonii*. It is a derivative of harringtonine, differing by the presence of an additional methyl group. Homoharringtonine belongs to the class of cephalotaxine esters.

The compound has demonstrated significant biological activity, most notably as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. It functions by binding to the ribosomal A-site, interfering with the elongation of polypeptide chains. This mechanism of action has led to its investigation and development as an anti-cancer agent.

In clinical practice, homoharringtonine is primarily used for the treatment of certain types of leukemia. It has been approved in some countries for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), often as a component of combination chemotherapy regimens or as a salvage therapy. Its efficacy is attributed to its ability to induce apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

The development and use of homoharringtonine have involved extensive research into its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicological profile. Common side effects associated with its administration can include myelosuppression, gastrointestinal disturbances, and cardiovascular effects. Due to its potent nature, medical supervision is essential during its therapeutic use. Research continues to explore its potential in treating other hematological malignancies and solid tumors.