hogweeds

Hogweeds is a common name for several tall plants in the genus Heracleum, within the carrot family Apiaceae. The term most often refers to giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), common hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), and related species such as cow parsnip (Heracleum maximum).

These plants are biennial or perennial herbs with large, deeply divided leaves and umbrella-shaped inflorescences of small white flowers. They can reach several meters in height, with stout, hollow stems that may display purple blotches and coarse hairs.

In range and habitat, giant hogweed is native to the Caucasus and has spread as an introduced species across much of Europe and North America. Common hogweed is native to Europe and Asia, while cow parsnip occurs naturally in North America. All can thrive in disturbed soils, riverbanks, and road edges.

Ecology and management: Hogweeds form dense stands that outcompete native vegetation and can hinder recreation or farmland. They spread by seed and, in some areas, are treated as invasive. Management emphasizes preventing seed production, mechanical removal before flowering, or chemical control with herbicides, followed by careful disposal to prevent re-sprouting.

Safety and handling: The sap of hogweeds contains photosensitizing compounds that can cause severe skin burns when exposed to sunlight. People handling these plants should wear protective clothing, wash exposed skin promptly, and avoid contact with the sap. If exposure occurs, seek medical advice for burns and follow blister care guidelines.