hipoklórsav

Hipoklórsav is a chemical compound with the formula HClO. It is a weak acid and a strong oxidizing agent. In its pure form, it is a colorless liquid, but it is typically encountered in aqueous solution. Hipoklórsav is highly unstable and readily decomposes into hydrochloric acid and oxygen.

The compound is primarily known for its use as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. It is generated industrially through the electrolysis of saltwater. In biological systems, hipoklórsav is produced by certain white blood cells, specifically neutrophils, as part of the immune response to combat invading pathogens. This process is known as the respiratory burst.

Hipoklórsav is a potent biocide, effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Its oxidizing properties allow it to damage essential cellular components of these microbes, leading to their inactivation or death. Due to its efficacy and relatively low toxicity to humans in diluted forms, it finds applications in water treatment, food processing sanitation, and wound care. However, in concentrated forms, it can be corrosive and irritating. Its effectiveness is pH-dependent, with optimal activity occurring in slightly acidic to neutral conditions.