hipokaliemii
Hipokaliemii, or hypokalemia, is a condition defined by low potassium in the blood. Normal serum potassium is about 3.5–5.0 mmol/L. Hypokalemia is below 3.5 mmol/L, with mild (3.0–3.4), moderate (2.5–2.9), and severe (<2.5).
Causes include increased losses (gastrointestinal losses from vomiting or diarrhea; renal losses from diuretics or hyperaldosteronism),
Symptoms vary; many patients are asymptomatic until levels fall below 3.0. Common signs are muscle weakness
Diagnosis rests on serum potassium measurement, kidney function, and acid–base status. Urinary potassium helps distinguish renal
Treatment depends on severity. Mild cases may use oral potassium chloride in divided doses (roughly 40–100 mEq/day).
Prognosis is generally favorable with proper correction. Hypokalemia is common in hospitalized patients, often due to