hiperémia

Hiperemia is a medical term that describes an excess of blood in a part of the body. This condition is characterized by an increased blood flow to a specific tissue or organ, leading to a visible redness or flushing of the affected area. It is essentially a localized vasodilation, meaning the blood vessels in that area have widened.

There are two main types of hyperemia: active and passive. Active hyperemia, also known as arterial hyperemia, occurs when an increased amount of arterial blood flows into a tissue. This is often a normal physiological response to increased metabolic demand, such as during exercise when muscles require more oxygen and nutrients. It can also be a response to inflammation, where the body sends more blood to the area to deliver immune cells and aid in healing.

Passive hyperemia, also known as venous hyperemia or congestion, happens when blood flow out of a tissue is impaired. This leads to a backup of blood in the venous system of that area. Causes of passive hyperemia can include obstruction of veins, heart failure, or compression of blood vessels. Unlike active hyperemia, passive hyperemia often results in a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin due to the deoxygenated blood accumulating.

Symptoms of hyperemia can vary depending on the underlying cause and the affected area. They may include redness, warmth, swelling, and a feeling of fullness or throbbing. While often a benign or adaptive response, persistent or severe hyperemia can indicate a serious medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.